Nouns
Summary
The accusative endings for non-neuter nouns and adjectives are:
- ·m for singular,
- and ·s for plural.
Neuter nouns and adjectives always have a single form for nominative, vocative and accusative singular, and a single form for nominative, vocative and accusative plural. The accusative endings for neuter nouns and adjectives are:
- ·um for singular in the second declension,
- irregular for singular in the third declension,
- and ·a for plural.
First declension
In the first declension, the accusative endings are:
- ·am for singular,
- and ·as for plural.
| word | accusative singular | accusative plural |
|---|---|---|
| puella -ae f. | puellam | puellas |
Second declension
In the second declension, the accusative endings are:
- ·um for singular,
- ·os for non-neuter plural.
- and ·a for neuter plural.
| word | accusative singular | accusative plural |
|---|---|---|
| colonus -i m. | colonum | colonos |
| puer pueri m. | puerum | pueros |
| magister magistri m. | magistrum | magistros |
| templum templi n. | templum | templa |
Third declension
In the third declension, the accusative endings are:
- ·em for non-neuter singular,
- ·es for non-neuter plural.
- and ·a for neuter plural.
The accusative singular of third-declension neuter nouns has the same irregular form as the nominative singular.
| word | accusative singular | accusative plural |
|---|---|---|
| rex regis m. | regem | reges |
| navis navis f. | navem | naves |
| litus litoris n. | litus | litora |
| mare maris n. | mare | maria |
These endings are added to the base of the word. You can find the base of a third declension word by removing ·is from its dative singular.
Adjectives
First and second declension
In first and second declension adjectives, the accusative endings are:
- ·um for non-feminine singular,
- ·am for feminine singular,
- ·os for plural.
- ·as for plural.
- and ·a for plural.
| word | accusative singular non-feminine | accusative singular feminine | accusative plural masculine | accusative plural feminine | accusative plural neuter |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bonus -a -um | bonum | bonam | bonos | bonas | bona |
| miser misera miserum | miserum | miseram | miseros | miseras | misera |
Third declension
In third declension adjectives, the accusative endings are:
- ·em for non-neuter singular,
- ·es for non-neuter plural,
- and ·a for neuter plural.
The neuter accusative singular of third-declension adjectives has the same irregular form as the neuter nominative singular.
| word | non-neuter accusative singular | neuter accusative singular | non-neuter accusative plural | neuter accusative plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fortis forte | fortem | forte | fortes | fortia |
| ingens ingentis | ingentem | ingens | ingentes | ingentia |
Pronouns
- ea
- them n.
- eam
- her, it
- eas
- them f.
- eos
- them m.
- eum
- him, it
- me
- me
- nos
- us
- se
- himself, herself, itself, themselves
- te
- you s.
- vos
- you pl.