Adjective rules
Adjectives change their endings to indicate their number, gender and case. These will be the same as those of the noun they describe.
In the first half of your first year of Latin, you will meet first-second declension adjectives: the feminine forms of these adjectives belong to the first declension; their masculine forms belong to the second declension.
| masculine form | feminine form |
|---|---|
| bonus | bona |
| miser | misera |
Masculine adjective rules
These are identical to the rules for changing the endings of second declension nouns.
masculine accusative singular
| rule | example |
|---|---|
| ·us → ·um | bonus → bonum |
| ·er → ·erum | miser → miserum |
masculine ablative singular
| rule | example |
|---|---|
| ·us → ·o | bonus → bono |
| ·er → ·ero | miser → misero |
masculine nominative plural
| rule | example |
|---|---|
| ·us → ·i | bonus → boni |
| ·er → ·eri | miser → miseri |
masculine accusative plural
| rule | example |
|---|---|
| ·us → ·os | bonus → bonos |
| ·er → ·eros | miser → miseros |
masculine ablative plural
| rule | example |
|---|---|
| ·us → ·is | bonus → bonis |
| ·er → ·eris | miser → miseris |
Feminine adjective rules
These are identical to the rules for changing the endings of first declension nouns.
feminine accusative singular
| rule | example |
|---|---|
| ·a → ·am | bona → bonam |
| misera → miseram |
feminine ablative singular
| rule | example |
|---|---|
| ·a → ·a | bona → bona |
| misera → misera |
feminine nominative plural
| rule | example |
|---|---|
| ·a → ·ae | bonus → boni |
| misera → miserae |
feminine accusative plural
| rule | example |
|---|---|
| ·a → ·as | bona → bonas |
| misera → miseras |
feminine ablative plural
| rule | example |
|---|---|
| ·a → ·is | bona → bonis |
| misera → miseris |